Biomarcadores enzimáticos e histológicos em brânquias de Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ucididae) indicativos de impactos ambientais em uma região portuária do nordeste do Brasil / [Enzymatic and histological biomarkers in Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ucididae) gills indicative of environmental impacts in a port region of northeastern Brazil]

Objetivou-se neste estudo analisar biomarcadores histológicos e bioquímicos em brânquias de U. cordatus indicativos de impactos na Baía de São Marcos. Caranguejos foram coletados em quatro áreas na Baía de São Marcos: A1= Ilha dos Caranguejos (com baixo impacto); A2= Coqueiro, A3= Porto Grande, A4= Cajueiro (áreas potencialmente impactadas). Mediram-se os dados biométricos de cada exemplar de caranguejo. Amostras de brânquias foram submetidas à técnica histológica padrão e homogeneizadas em tampão fosfato, e o sobrenadante foi utilizado para análise das enzimas glutationa-S-transferase (GST) e catalase (CAT). A biometria indicou que os caranguejos de A1 são significativamente (P<0,05) maiores e mais pesados do que os caranguejos das áreas A2, A3 e A4. As alterações branquiais (rompimento das células pilastras, deformação do canal marginal, deslocamento da cutícula e necrose) foram significativamente (P˂0,05) mais frequentes em caranguejos de A2, A3 e A4 do que nos caranguejos de A1. As atividades enzimáticas da GST e CAT nos caranguejos apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre as áreas de coletas, com padrão similar ao observado para as alterações branquiais. Os biomarcadores analisados mostraram que os caranguejos estão sob diferentes níveis de impactos (A4>A3>A2>A1) ao longo da Baía de São Marcos.(AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze histological and biochemical biomarkers in U. cordatus gills indicative of impacts in São Marcos Bay. Crabs were collected from four areas in São Marcos Bay: A1=Ilha dos Caranguejos (with low impact); A2=Coqueiro, A3=Porto Grande, A4=Cajueiro (potentially impacted areas). The biometric data of each specimen was measured. Gill samples were submitted to standard histological technique and homogenized in phosphate buffer, and the supernatant was used for analysis of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity. Biometric data indicated that crabs found in A1 are significantly (P<0.05) larger and heavier than crabs found in A2, A3 and A4 areas. Gill alterations (rupture of pilaster cells, Dilation of the marginal channel, Cuticle Rupture and necrosis) were significantly (P˂0.05) more frequent in the crabs in A2, A3 and A4 than crabs in A1. The enzymatic activities of GST and CAT showed significant difference (P<0.05) between the sampling areas, similar to that observed for gill alterations. The biomarkers analyzed showed that the crabs are under different impact levels (A4> A3> A2> A1) along the São Marcos Bay.(AU)

Suplementação com óleos ricos em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados na dieta de leitões na fase de creche: efeitos no desempenho, na resposta inflamatória, no perfil lipídico e no "status" oxidativo / Supplementation with oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet of pigs in the nursery phase: effects on performance, inflammatory response, lipid profile and oxidative "status"

Nos sistemas de produção, os produtos naturais vêm se destacando na substituição a produtos sintéticos, dentre eles podemos ressaltar os óleos vegetais ricos em ácido graxos poli-insaturados (PUFA), que são conhecidos, popularmente, por seus efeitos benéficos. Dessa forma, o objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dos óleos de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) e girassol (Helianthus annus) sobre parâmetros fisiológicos em leitões na fase de creche. Foram utilizados 180 leitões alojados em granja comercial, distribuídos em três grupos (n=60) conforme suplementação alimentar: óleo de pequi, óleo de girassol e controle negativo. Amostras de sangue e o peso dos animais foram obtidos nos intervalos de quatro trocas de rações da fase de creche para avaliação do desempenho, da resposta inflamatória, do perfil lipídico e do "status" oxidativo. Os parâmetros fisiológicos mensurados demonstraram que os óleos interferiram positivamente na resposta inflamatória sistêmica, por meio dos leucócitos totais e da relação neutrófilo/linfócito (P<0,05); no equilíbrio oxidante-antioxidante, por mensuração de óxido nítrico e do malondialdeído (P<0,05); e no metabolismo lipídico, com a avaliação de colesterol total e triglicérides (P<0,05). Por outro lado, esses óleos vegetais interferiram no ganho de peso e no consumo de ração (P<0,05). Assim, concluí-se que a suplementação com óleos de pequi e girassol melhora a saúde dos animais, mas tem impacto negativo no desempenho zootécnico de leitões na fase de creche.(AU)

In production systems, natural products have been outstanding in replacing synthetic products, among them, we can highlight the vegetable oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are popularly known for their beneficial effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) oil supplementation on nursery physiological parameters. We used 180 piglets housed in a commercial farm, distributed in 3 groups (n=60) according to food supplementation: pequi oil, sunflower oil and negative control. Blood samples and animal weight were obtained at intervals of four nursery phase rations to evaluate performance, inflammatory response, lipid profile and oxidative status. The physiological parameters measured showed that the oils positively interfered in the systemic inflammatory response through total leukocytes and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05), in the oxidant-antioxidant balance by measuring nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (P<0.05). and lipid metabolism with the assessment of total cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05). On the other hand, these vegetable oils interfered with weight gain and feed intake (P<0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that supplementation with pequi and sunflower oils improves animal health, but has a negative impact on the piglet's performance in the nursery phase.(AU)

Frecuencia y susceptibilidad a penicilina y meticilina de aislamientos ambientales de Staphylococcus aureus en un hospital de Cuenca / Frequency and susceptibility to penicillin and methicillin of Staphylococcus aureus environmental isolations at a Cuenca´s hospital

Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno asociado con infecciones intrahospitalarias comúnmente hallado en las fosas nasales y las manos del personal de salud; así como, en superficies ambientales, las cuales se convierten en potenciales reservorios y vehículos de transmisión de infecciones. En este estudio se analizó la frecuencia y la susceptibilidad a penicilina y meticilina de aislamientos ambientales de S. aureus en un hospital de Cuenca. Se recolectaron 50 muestras (30 de dos quirófanos y 20 de la sala de cuidados intensivos). S. aureus se identificó por pruebas fenotípicas y detección molecular del gen nuc. La susceptibilidad a meticilina y penicilina se determinó por el método de difusión del disco en agar y los genes blaZ y mecA por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. La frecuencia de S. aureus fue de 6% (3/50 cepas). La resistencia a penicilina y meticilina fue de 66,6% (2/3 cepas). Los genes blaZ y mecA se detectaron en las dos cepas resistentes a penicilina y meticilina. La baja frecuencia de S. aureus puede estar relacionada con los ambientes analizados; ya que, las superficies muestreadas son áreas donde se hace énfasis en la aplicación de protocolos de higiene y desinfección para asegurar una adecuada descontaminación

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen associated with intrahospital infections commonly found in the nasal cavities and the hands of health personnel, as well as, on environmental surfaces; which become potential reservoirs and transmission vehicles of infections. In this study the frequency and susceptibility to penicillin and methicillin of environmental isolates of S. aureus in a hospital to Cuenca were analyzed. 50 samples (30 of two operating room and 20 of the intensive care room) were collected. S. aureus was identified by phenotypic tests and molecular detection of the nuc gene. The susceptibility to methicillin and penicillin was determined by agar disc diffusion method and the blaZ and mecA genes by polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of S. aureus was 6% (3/50 strains). Resistance to penicillin and methicillin was 66.6% (2/3 strains). The blaZ and mecA genes were detected in the two strains resistant to penicillin and methicillin. The low frequency of S. aureus may be related to the environments analyzed; because the surfaces sampled are areas where emphasis is placed on the application of hygiene and disinfection protocols for ensure adequate decontamination

Bioactivity And Dereplication Of Phenolic Compounds In Medicinal Plants

Three medicinal plants with recognized anti-inflammatory potential, identified as “erva de São João“ (Ageratum conyzoides), “Tanchagem“ (Plantago major) and “ Bardana“ (Arctium lappa L.) were obtained from a medicinal herbs company located in Teófilo Otoni city (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The dry plant material obtained in packages was submitted to the chemical procedures to prepare the crude extracts by maceration according to the Brazilian pharmacopoeia legislation. After extraction, the samples were subjected to 1H NMR, TLC and Capillary Electrophoresis analysis by co-injection of authentic patterns of phenolic acids and flavonoids to identify the major compounds and classes of secondary metabolites present in each material and then their chemical and biological potential was assessed by DPPH free radical inhibition assay and antimicrobial against E. coli. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the phytopreparation was effective in the extraction of compounds with antioxidant potential and the three species presented a high concentration of flavonoids and other phenolics that is compatible with the chemosystematic data. The screening obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy, TLC and Capillary Electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection analysis provided us a qualitative profile of the phytochemicals present in each material. None of the extracts were active against Escherichia coli by antibacterial disk diffusion assay at concentration of 1 mg/ml.

Avaliação do estresse e do desempenho de suínos na fase de creche, empregando-se técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental / Evaluation of stress and performance of pigs during the nursery phase, using environmental enrichment techniques

O enriquecimento ambiental é uma ferramenta importante dentro dos sistemas de produção, a fim de promover o bem-estar e favorecer a saúde dos animais. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do enriquecimento ambiental sobre o estresse de suínos na fase de creche. Foram utilizados 32 leitões, alojados em granja experimental, distribuídos em quatro grupos (n= 8): corda, corrente, garrafa PET e controle negativo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no início e no final do experimento para contagem de leucócitos circulantes e determinação de antioxidantes não enzimáticos, óxido nítrico, malondialdeído, e de saliva para avaliação do cortisol. Foi aplicado etograma e fez-a ganho médio de peso diário e a conversão alimentar. Os parâmetros avaliados no primeiro dia do experimento não variaram entre os grupos (P>0,05). No último dia do experimento, os valores de neutrófilos e da relação neutrófilo/linfócito foram mais elevados nos leitões do grupo corrente, assim como os valores de cortisol salivar (P<0,05). O ácido úrico apresentou-se mais elevado nos leitões do grupo corrente e o malondialdeído (MDA) nos do grupo garrafa (P< 0,05). Os enriquecimentos ambientais estimularam comportamentos positivos nos leitões, tendo a corda se destacado como o mais atrativo. Por outro lado, a corrente apresentou efeito negativo sobre a fisiologia dos animais, gerando estresse, assim como a garrafa, que induziu a peroxidação lipídica e um menor ganho de peso nos leitões.(AU)

Environmental enrichment is an important tool within production systems to promote welfare and animal health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of enrichment objects on stress of piglets in nursery phase. 32 piglets housed in experimental farm were distributed in 4 groups (n= 8): rope, chain, pet bottle and negative control. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment to count circulating leukocytes and determine non-enzymatic antioxidants, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and saliva to evaluate cortisol. At the same time, an etogram and evaluation of mean daily gain and feed conversion were applied. The evaluated parameters on first day of the experiment did not vary between groups (P> 0.05). On the last day, neutrophil and neutrophil /lymphocyte ratios were higher in chain group piglets, as were salivary cortisol values (P< 0.05). Uric acid was higher in chain group and MDA in bottle group (P< 0.05). Environmental enrichment stimulated positive behaviors in piglets, where the rope stood out as the most attractive. On the other hand, chain had a negative effect on animal physiology, generating stress, as well as the bottle that induced lipid peroxidation and a lower weight gain in piglets.(AU)

Diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli and escherichia albertii in Brazil: pathotypes and serotypes over a 6-year period of surveillance

Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a leading cause of infectious diarrhoea worldwide. In recent years, Escherichia albertii has also been implicated as a cause of human enteric diseases. This study describes the occurrence of E. coli pathotypes and serotypes associated with enteric illness and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) isolated in Brazil from 2011 to 2016. Pathotypes isolated included enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and Shiga toxinproducing E. coli (STEC). PCR of stool enrichments for DEC pathotypes was employed, and E. albertii was also sought. O:H serotyping was performed on all DEC isolates. A total of 683 DEC and 10 E. albertii strains were isolated from 5047 clinical samples. The frequencies of DEC pathotypes were 52.6% (359/683) for EPEC, 32.5% for EAEC, 6.3% for ETEC, 4.4% for EIEC and 4.2% for STEC. DEC strains occurred in patients from 3 months to 96 years old, but EPEC, EAEC and STEC were most prevalent among children. Both typical and atypical isolates of EPEC and EAEC were recovered and presented great serotype heterogeneity. HUS cases were only associated with STEC serotype O157:H7. Two E. albertii isolates belonged to serogroup O113 and one had the stx2f gene. The higher prevalence of atypical EPEC in relation to EAEC in community-acquired diarrhoea in Brazil suggests a shift in the trend of DEC pathotypes circulation as previously EAEC predominated. This is the first report of E. albertii isolation from active surveillance. These results highlight the need of continuing DEC and E. albertii surveillance, as a mean to detect changes in the pattern of pathotypes and serotypes circulation and provide useful information for intervention and control strategies.

Gota úrica visceral em bobo-pequeno (Puffinus puffinus) no sul do Brasil / Visceral gout uric in manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) in Southern of Brazil

A gota úrica visceral é uma doença que acomete répteis, aves e mamíferos. Caracteriza-se por depósitos de cristais de urato e ácido úrico em diferentes órgãos da região visceral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso de gota úrica visceral em um indivíduo de bobo-pequeno (Puffinus puffinus) encontrado morto no litoral norte de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. No período de 20 de agosto de 2015 a 20 de abril de 2016, as praias dos municípios de Araquari, Barra do Sul, São Francisco do Sul e Itapoá foram monitoradas diariamente para o registro e a recuperação de tetrápodes marinhos mortos, incluindo aves marinhas. Foram encontrados e necropsiados 84 indivíduos. Um deles apresentou o pericárdio aderido ao miocárdio e com a coloração esbranquiçada. Os rins, o fígado e os pulmões continham inúmeros pontos esbranquiçados. A ocorrência dessa patologia na espécie foi de 1,19%. Trata-se do primeiro relato de bobo-pequeno com gota úrica visceral encontrado no Brasil.(AU)

Visceral gout uric is a disease that affects reptiles, birds and mammals. It is characterized by urate crystal deposits and uric acid in different organs of visceral region. The objective of this study was to report a case of visceral urica drop in a manx shearwater individual (Puffinus puffinus) found dead on the north coast of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. In the period from 20 August 2015 and 20 April 2016, beaches in the municipalities of Araquari, Barra do Sul, São Francisco do Sul and Itapoá, were monitored daily for the registration and recovery of dead marine tetrapods, including seabirds. Eighty-four were found and necropsied. One of them was whitish in color and had the pericardium adhered to the myocardium. The kidneys, liver and lungs contained numerous whitish dots. The occurrence of this disease in the species was 1.19%. This is the first manx shearwater report with visceral urica drop found in Brazil.(AU)

Atividade gastroprotetora do extrato etanólico de Pavonia alnifolia A. St. -Hil / Gastro protective activity of the Pavonia alnifolia A.St. -Hil. extract

RESUMO No Brasil, a família Malvaceae está representada por aproximadamente 200 espécies e algumas foram descritas como gastroproteroras. Pavonia alnifolia A.St.-Hil. (Malvaceae) foi selecionada após uma abordagem quimiossistemática, considerando-se sua potencial capacidade em prevenir lesões gástricas. Assim, a atividade gastroprotetora do extrato etanólico de caules de P. alnifolia foi avaliada utilizando o modelo de indução aguda da lesão gástrica por etanol acidificado em camundongos. Além disso, foram quantificados o teor de flavonóides, pelo método de cloreto de alumínio, e de polifenóis, pelo método Folin-Ciocalteu, uma vez que a relação desses componentes com a proteção gástrica foi evidenciada. Os ensaios apontaram redução acentuada das lesões gástricas em camundongos tratados com o extrato da planta em todas as doses ensaiadas (10, 100 e 300 mg/kg). Esse efeito pode estar relacionado com a presença de polifenóis, cujo teor encontrado foi 74,3 ± 7,5 µg equivalente de pirogalol/mg do material vegetal examinado e 82,7 ± 7,1 µg equivalente de pirogalol /mg da amostra no extrato preparado por percolação e teor de flavonoides totais, que por sua vez apresentou um resultado de 17,1 ± 1,4 µg/mg de extrato. O extrato apresentou proteção da mucosa gástrica e este efeito pode estar relacionado à presença dos polifenóis e flavonóides encontrados

ABSTRACT Gastro protective activity of the Pavonia alnifolia A.St.-Hil. extract. In Brazil, the Malvaceae family is represented by at about 200 species. Some of those species are known as gastro protective ones. The Pavonia alnifolia A.St.-Hil (Malvaceae) was selected after a chemosystematic approach. The gastro preventive activity of the ethanol extract of stems Pavonia alnifolia was evaluated through the use of the Ethanol:chlroridric acid model on mice. The quantification of the total flavonoids (aluminum chloride method) and total polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu method) was also performed since the relation of those components with gastric protection has been previously highlighted. The tests showed a significant reduction of the ulcer formation in the mice treated with the plant extract (10, 100 and 300 mg/kg). This effect may be related to the presence of polyphenols whose content was found to be 74.3 ± 7.5 µg/mg of vegetal material and 82.7 ± 7.1 µg/mg of crude extract and flavonoids, which in turn showed a content of 17.1 ± 1.4 µg/mg dry extract

The chronic blockade of angiotensin I-converting enzyme eliminates the sex differences of serum cytokine levels of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Sex hormones modulate the action of both cytokines and the renin-angiotensin system. However, the effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) on the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are unclear. We determined the relationship between ACE activity, cytokine levels and sex differences in SHR. Female (F) and male (M) SHR were divided into 4 experimental groups each (n = 7): sham + vehicle (SV), sham + enalapril (10 mg/kg body weight by gavage), castrated + vehicle, and castrated + enalapril. Treatment began 21 days after castration and continued for 30 days. Serum cytokine levels (ELISA) and ACE activity (fluorimetry) were measured. Male rats exhibited a higher serum ACE activity than female rats. Castration reduced serum ACE in males but did not affect it in females. Enalapril reduced serum ACE in all groups. IL-10 (FSV = 16.4 ± 1.1 pg/mL; MSV = 12.8 ± 1.2 pg/mL), TNF-α (FSV = 16.6 ± 1.2 pg/mL; MSV = 12.8 ± 1 pg/mL) and IL-6 (FSV = 10.3 ± 0.2 pg/mL; MSV = 7.2 ± 0.2 pg/mL) levels were higher in females than in males. Ovariectomy reduced all cytokine levels and orchiectomy reduced IL-6 but increased IL-10 concentrations in males. Castration eliminated the differences in all inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6 and TNF-α) between males and females. Enalapril increased IL-10 in all groups and reduced IL-6 in SV rats. In conclusion, serum ACE inhibition by enalapril eliminated the sexual dimorphisms of cytokine levels in SV animals, which suggests that enalapril exerts systemic anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive effects.

Atividade antimutagênica de Carica papaya L. pelo ensaio do micronúcleo in vivo / Antimutagenic activity of Carica papaya L. assayed in vivo by micronucleus test

Há poucas informações sobre o efeito tóxico in vivo do extrato etanólico das folhas de Carica papaya (ECP). Portanto, esse estudo caracteriza quimicamente ECP por meio de HPLC-RP e avalia a atividade antimutagênica e citotóxica da fração aquosa de ECP422 Antimutagenic activity of Carica papaya L.Rev Ciênc Farm Básica Apl., 2011;32(3):419-423(CA), empregando ensaio do micronúcleo (MN). O extrato tem predominância de substâncias polares, entre elas a rutina. O ensaio do MN foi realizado em ratos Wistar. Grupos: Controle Negativo (CN), veículo; Controle Positivo (CP40), ciclofosfamida (40 mg/Kg i.p.), 24 horas; Grupo tratado (CA), ECP (500 mg/Kg, p.p.) 24h; Grupo Tratado (CACP40), CA (500 mg/Kg, p.o.) 48, 36 e 24 horas , a última dose de ECP foi administrada junto com ciclofosfamida (40 mg/Kg, i.p.). O índice de MN para CN e CA foi de 3,2 ± 1,79 e 1,6 ± 0,5, e razão PCE/NCE foi de 1,38 ± 0,52 e 1,13 ± 0,28, respectivamente, indicando baixa toxicidade. Por outro lado o índice de MN foi de 20 ± 4,9 para CP40 e 3,0 ± 1,6 para o CACP40, indicando efeito antimutagênico de ECP. Este estudo sugere que ECP possui efeito antimutagênico e baixa toxicidade e que a rutina pode estar envolvida nesse efeito.

There is little information about in vivo toxic effects of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Carica papaya L. (ECP). Therefore, in this study ECP was characterized chemically by HPLC-RP and the antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of an aqueous solution of ECP (CA) were assessed by the micronucleus (MN) bioassay. The extract consisted mainly of polar substances, one of which was rutin. The MN test was performed on groups of Wistar rats, as follows: negative control (NC) - vehicle; positive control (CP40) - cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg, ip), 24h; extract-treated (CA) - ECP (500 mg/kg, po), 24h; extract + cyclophosphamide-treated (CACP40) - ECP (500 mg/kg, po), 48, 36 and 24 h, plus cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg, ip), 24h. The MN index was 3.2 ± 1.79 and 1.6 ± 0.5, for NC and CA, and the PCE-to-NCE ratio was 1.38 ± 0.52 and 1.13 ± 0.28, respectively, indicating low cytotoxicity of CA. CP40 showed a high MN index of 20 ± 4.9, but CACP40 only 3.0 ± 1.6, the same as NC, indicating an antimutagenic effect. The study suggests that ECP has low toxicity and possesses an antimutagenic protective effect in which rutin may be involved.

The inflammatory stimulus of a natural latex biomembrane improves healing in mice

The aim of the present study was to compare healing obtained with biomembranes with the natural healing process (sham) using biochemical and immunohistological assays. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups of 15 mice each and received different subcutaneous implants: natural latex biomembrane (NLB), denatured latex (DL), expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE), or sham. On the 2nd, 7th, and 14th days post-treatment, 5 mice per group were sacrificed and biopsied for the following measurements: oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and hydrogen peroxide by the method of ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange (FOX), as well as glutathione and total proteins; histological evaluation to enumerate inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, blood vessels, and collagen, and immunohistochemical staining for inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). On day 2 post-treatment, NLB stimulated a dense inflammatory infiltrate mainly consisting of polymorphonuclear cells, as indicated by increased MPO (P < 0.05), but oxidative stress due to MDA was not observed until the 7th day (P < 0.05). The number of blood vessels was greater in NLB (P < 0.05) and DL (P < 0.05) mice compared to sham animals on day 14. NLB induced fibroplasia by day 14 (P < 0.05) with low expression of TGF-β1 and collagenesis. Thus, NLB significantly induced the inflammatory phase of healing mediated by oxidative stress, which appeared to influence the subsequent phases such as angiogenesis (with low expression of VEGF) and fibroplasia (independent of TGF-β1) without influencing collagenesis.

Estudo químico e da atividade biológica cardiovascular do óleo essencial de folhas de Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. em ratos / Phytochemistry and cardiovascular biological activity of the essential oil from leaves of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M.Sm. in rats

A espécie vegetal Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M. Sm. é popularmente empregada para o tratamento de diversas enfermidades, entre elas a hipertensão. Avaliar a composição química, a atividade antihipertensiva e ação na hipertrofia cardíaca do óleo essencial das folhas de Alpinia zerumbet (OEAZ) em ratos foram os objetivos deste estudo. O OEAZ, obtido por hidrodestilação em aparelho Clevenger, teve sua composição química analisada em cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Foram identificados 14 constituintes, sendo terpinen-4-ol (37,45 por cento) o majoritário, seguido pelos óxido de cariofileno (7,56 por cento), trans-hidrato de sabineno (6,61 por cento) e 1,8-cineol (4,02 por cento). A avaliação cardiovascular foi feita após o tratamento crônico de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) e seus respectivos controles, ratos Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). Os dados hemodinâmicos revelaram redução da pressão arterial média (PAM) no grupo tratado (SHRP: 160 ± 7 mm Hg; p<0,01) em relação ao não tratado (SHR: 180 ± 5 mm Hg). A relação entre peso do ventrículo esquerdo e peso corporal (VE/PC) do SHRP (2,50 ± 0,03 mg g-1; p<0,01) mostrou-se inferior ao SHR (2,61 ± 0,01 mg g-1), confirmando a redução da hipertrofia cardíaca (HC). Os dados de PAM e VE/PC dos animais SHRP foram estatisticamente diferentes quando comparados com os ratos controle (WKY: 116 ± 2 mm Hg e WKYP: 119 ± 4 mm Hg; p<0,05; WKY: 2,15 ± 0,04 mg g-1 e WKYP: 2,17 ± 0,04 mg g-1 ; p<0,01), indicando não ter havido normalização dos mesmos. Conclui-se que o tratamento crônico com OEAZ foi capaz de determinar redução, mas não a normalização, da PAM e da HC de ratos SHR, provavelmente pela presença dos componentes terpinen-4-ol e 1,8-cineol. Estudos com doses maiores ou período de tratamento superior são necessários para avaliar a possibilidade de o OEAZ normalizar os parâmetros analisados (PAM e HC).

Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L. Burtt & R.M.Sm. is traditionally employed to treat several diseases such as hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, the anti-hypertensive activity and the capacity to reduce cardiac hypertrophy of the essential oil of A. zerumbet leaves (EOAZ) in rats. EOAZ was obtained through hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several constituents (14) were identified, terpen-4-ol (37.45 percent) being the major component, followed by caryophyllene oxide (7.56 percent), trans-sabinene hydrate (6.61 percent) and 1,8-cineol (4.02 percent). The cardiovascular effect was investigated after chronic treatment with spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their respective controls, Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The treated group showed a lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) (SHRP: 160 ± 7 mm Hg; p<0.01) than the untreated group (SHR: 180 ± 5 mm Hg). The ratio of left ventricle-to-body weight (LV/BW) for SHRP was lower (2.504 ± 0.03 mg g-1; p<0.01) than that for SHR (2.162 ± 0.01 mg g-1), confirming the cardiac hypertrophy (CH) reduction. There were significant differences in MAP and CH between SHRP animals and control rats (WKY: 116 ± 2 mm Hg and WKYP: 119 ± 4 mm Hg; p<0.05. WKY: 2.152 ± 0.04 mg g-1 and WKYP: 2.168 ± 0.04 mg g-1; p<0.01), indicating that these values were not normalized. Those data showed that the chronic treatment with EOAZ reduces MAP and CH in SHR probably due to the presence of the compounds terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineol. Studies with higher doses or longer treatment periods are necessary to evaluate whether EOAZ can reduce the analyzed parameters (MAP and CH) to normal values.

Cirurgia guiada virtual para reabilitação oral: revisão de literatura e relato de caso / Virtual guided surgery for oral rehabiliation: review of the literature and report of a case

A reabilitação oral dos pacientes edêntulos totais por meio da implantodontia e da prótese vem evoluindo com o avanço das técnicas cirúrgicas, protéticas e imaginológicas. Com o avanço da tecnologia empregada nos aparelhos de aquisições de imagens, é uma realidade a realização de cirurgias para fixação de implantes dentários com o auxílio da tomografia computadorizada, convertendo as imagens através de softwares específicos, possibilitando a obtenção de protótipos e guias cirúrgicos previamente planejados, tornando menos traumáticos e mais previsíveis os procedimentos cirúrgicos para reabilitações protéticas. Este manuscrito faz uma revisão da literatura, abordando os aspectos atuais da cirurgia guiada para implantodontia, sendo relatado um caso clínico de reabilitação de maxila edêntula, utilizando-se o sistema Neoguide (NEODENT. ,Curitiba-PR). Entre as vantagens observadas, vale salientar a menor morbidade, menor tempo cirúrgico, maior previsibilidade e facilidade na realização do procedimento cirúrgico.

Oral rehabilitation in totally edentulous patients by means of implantology and prosthodontics has been making progress with the developments in surgical, prosthetic and imaging techniques. With the advances in the technology employed in imagining equipment, surgery for the placement of dental implants can be performed with the aid of computed technology converting the images through specific software, making it possible to obtain previously planned surgical prototypes and guides, thereby making the surgical procedures for prosthetic rehabilitation more foreseeable and less traumatic. This paper makes a review of the literature, addressing current aspects of guided surgery for dental implants, and reports a clinical case of rehabilitation of total tooth loss in the maxilla, using the Neoguide System (NEODENT, Curitiba-PR). Among the advantages observed, the following are particularly worthy of mention: lower morbidity, shorter duration of surgery, greater predictability and ease in performing the surgical procedure.

Influence of renal denervation on blood pressure, sodium and water excretion in acute total obstructive apnea in rats

Obstructive apnea (OA) can exert significant effects on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and hemodynamic parameters. The present study focuses on the modulatory actions of RSNA on OA-induced sodium and water retention. The experiments were performed in renal-denervated rats (D; N = 9), which were compared to sham (S; N = 9) rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were assessed via an intrafemoral catheter. A catheter was inserted into the bladder for urinary measurements. OA episodes were induced via occlusion of the catheter inserted into the trachea. After an equilibration period, OA was induced for 20 s every 2 min and the changes in urine, MAP, HR and RSNA were recorded. Renal denervation did not alter resting MAP (S: 113 ± 4 vs D: 115 ± 4 mmHg) or HR (S: 340 ± 12 vs D: 368 ± 11 bpm). An OA episode resulted in decreased HR and MAP in both groups, but D rats showed exacerbated hypotension and attenuated bradycardia (S: -12 ± 1 mmHg and -16 ± 2 bpm vs D: -16 ± 1 mmHg and 9 ± 2 bpm; P < 0.01). The basal urinary parameters did not change during or after OA in S rats. However, D rats showed significant increases both during and after OA. Renal sympathetic nerve activity in S rats increased (34 ± 9 percent) during apnea episodes. These results indicate that renal denervation induces elevations of sodium content and urine volume and alters bradycardia and hypotension patterns during total OA in unconscious rats.

Efeito da administração do Allium sativum sobre as alterações cardiovasculares de ratos Wistar com infarto do miocárdio. / Effects of consumption of Allium sativum on the cardiovascular abnormalities observed in Wistar rats following cardiac infarction.

O alho (Allium sativum) apresenta várias ações benéficas ao sistema circulatório, tais como diminuição dos níveis de colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e da pressão arterial, além de efeito antioxidante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração do Allium sativum sobre as alterações da hemodinâmica cardiovascular e estruturais macroscópicas do coração de animais com infarto induzido experimentalmente. Ratos Wistar foram tratados, previamente e após indução do infarto, com homogeneizado de alho na dose de 125mg/Kg/dia durante 21 dias, por via oral (uma semana antes e duas depois do procedimento de infarto). Os grupos controle passaram por cirurgia fictícia (SHAM). Os animais foram divididos em grupos controles e infartados com (SHAMT, INFT; respectivamente) ou sem (SHAM, INF; respectivamente) tratamento com alho. Houve redução da hipertrofia do ventrículo direito (INF=0,75±0,05 vs. INFT=0,61±0,03 mg/Kg; p<0,01), da área de infarto (INF=29,7±4,8% vs. INFT=20,4±1,4%; p<0,05) e regularização dos níveis de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS; INF=100±8 vs. INFT=127±7 mmHg; p<0,05) e média (PAM; INF=94±4 vs. INFT=110±6 mmHg; p<0,01) dos animais INFT comparados com os INF. Houve um menor número de animais mortos após o procedimento de infarto no grupo INFT em relação ao grupo INF (20%, n=2; 45,5%, n=5; respectivamente). Esses achados indicam que o alho tem um importante papel na prevenção e no controle de alterações cardiovasculares, uma vez que houve redução do número de mortes pós-infarto e melhor perfil cardiovascular dos animais INFT.

Garlic (Allium sativum) has several beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as reductions of the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure, besides acting as an antioxidant. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of administering Allium sativum on changes in the cardiovascular hemodynamics and macroscopic structure that occur in the hearts of animals with experimentally induced cardiac infarction. Male Wistar rats were treated with homogenized garlic at a dose of 125mg/kg b.w./day for 21 days, given orally for one week before and two weeks after the procedure to induce myocardial infarction. The control group was subjected to a fictitious surgery (SHAM). The animals were divided into control and infarcted groups, treated (SHAMT, INFT) or untreated (SHAM, INF) with garlic. There were reductions in right ventricular hypertrophy (INF=0.75±0.05 vs. INFT=0.61±0.03 mg.kg-1; p<0.01) and infarcted area (INF=29.7±4.8 % vs. INFT=20.4±1.4 %; p<0.05) and regularization of the levels of systolic (SAP; INF=100±8 vs. INFT=127±7 mm Hg; p<0.05) and mean arterial pressure (MAP; INF=94±4 vs. INFT=110±6 mm Hg; p<0.01) in the INFT animals, compared to the INF group. Fewer animals died after the cardiac infarction procedure in the group INFT than in INF (20%, n=2; 45.5%, n=5; respectively). These findings suggest that garlic can have an important role in the prevention and control of cardiovascular abnormalities, since there was a reduction in the number of post-infarction deaths and an improvement of the cardiovascular profile in the INFT animals.

Molecular identification of Sicilian (deltaß)º-thalassemia associated with ß-thalassemia and hemoglobin S in Brazil

We describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of two unrelated Brazilian families with an association of the Sicilian form of (deltaß)º-thalassemia with hemoglobin S and ß-thalassemia. Direct sequencing of the ß-globin gene showed only the hemoglobin S mutation in patient 1 and the ß-thalassemia IVS1-110 in patient 2. The other allele was deleted in both patients and PCR of DNA samples of the breakpoint region of both patients showed a band of approximately 1,150 bp, expected to be observed in the DNA of carriers of Sicilian (deltaß)º-thalassemia. The nucleotide sequence of this fragment confirmed the Sicilian deletion. There are few reports concerning the Hb S/(deltaß)º-thalassemia association and patient 2 is the first reported case of Sicilian type of (deltaß)º-thalassemia in association with ß-thalassemia documented at the molecular level

Effect of electrolytic lesion of the median raphe nucleus on behavioral and physiological measures of stress

The effect of electrolytic lesion of the median raphe nucleus was measured on behavioral and physiological parameters related to stress 24 h after the lesion. In of the elevated plus-maze the lesion decreased the percentage of open arm entries and tended to shorten the time spent on the open arms indicating as increase in anxiety. In contrast, the lesion markedly increased the time spent in the bright (aversive) compartment of the light-dark box and decrease in attempts to cross from the dark toward the bright compartment, an anxiolyic effect. With the exception of plasma prolactin level, which was lowered by the lesion, the physiological measures used in the present study indicate that the lesioned animals are under stress. Thus, death rate and weight loss after the surgery were higher in lesioned than in control animals. In addition, lesioned animals showed higher plasma corticoster- one levels, a high incidence of gastric ulcers in the fundus and a depressed immune response to the mitogen concavaline A. These results highlight the importance of the median raphe nucleus in the regulation of stress and anxiety. They also show that behavioral and physiological measures of stress may be dissociated.

Comparaçäo do desempenho de pré-escolares, mediante teste de desenvolvimento de Denver, antes e após intervençäo nutricional / Comparison of preschool children's performance through Denver develomental test, before and after nutritional supplement

A analise de performance psicomotora dde crianças institucionalizadas é de fundamental importância no planejamento de atividades educativas. Estudos anteriores têm mostrado prejuízos desta funçao em crianças de creches. Objetivo. Comparar o desempenho no teste de triagem de Denver em crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade, de creches conveniadas com a Prefeitura de Sao Paulo, antes e após seis meses de intervençao nutricional com suplemento alimentar enriquecido com ferro. Método. Foram analisadas 130 crianças de 2 a 6 anos de idade, em três creches municipais de Sao Paulo, aplicando-se o teste de Denver, por psicólogas treinadas, comparando-se os resultados de acordo com o sexo, faixa etaria e estado nutricional, antes e após período de suplementaçao alimentar. Resultados. A maior parte das crianças teve desempenho normal, tanto na primeira aplicaçao (70,80 por cento), como na segunda (80,80 por cento), sem modificaçao do estado nutricional. Na comparaçao dos resultados, 76,92 por cento nao modificaram o desempenho e 18,46 por cento melhoraram significativamente. Em relaçao ao sexo, nao foram encontradas diferenças significantes, enquanto que, para a faixa etaria, houve melhora significante entre as crianças de 4 a 6 anos. Conclusoes. Além do aspecto nutricional, fatores como prontidao para aprendizagem, organizaçao familiar e orientaçao psicopedagógica das creches devem estar favorecendo o desenvolvimento, mesmo considerando-se o baixo nível socioeconomico da populaçao estudada.

Estudo Psicológico de crianças e adolescentes obesos / Psychological study of the obesity childrens and adolescents

O presente estudo oferece uma compreensäo dos aspectos psicogênicos e psicodinâmicos do processo evolutivo da obesidade por excesso de ingestäo calórica e propöe uma avaliaçäo psicodiagnóstica participativa e mobilizadora para o tratamento necessário.O estudo baseou-se nas avaliaçöes de 134 casos atendidos no Ambulatório Multiprofissional de Obesidade Infantil da EPM, em 1992/93...

Inquerito com paracoccidioidina em uma populacao da Bahia (Brasil). / Survey with paracoccidioidin in a population of Bahia (Brazil)

No Municipio de Una, localizado ao Sul do Estado da Bahia, em area com registro frequente de casos de leishamaniose tegumentar, foram estudados 177 individuos, na faixa etaria entre tres meses e 73 anos, atraves de provas intradermicas com paracoccidioidina (antigeno peptido-polissacaridico do Paracoccidioides brasiliensis).Positividade foi obtida em dez individuos (5,6%). Somente foi considerada positiva a reacao que apresentava enduracao igual ou maior que 5 mm. Em nenhum dos casos positivos a paracoccidioidina havia evidencia clinica de lesoes blastomicoticas. Com os soros dos individuos positivos a paracoccidioidina, foram realizadas provas de imunodifusao dupla e contraimunoeletroforese, com resultados negativos para anticorpos circulantes anti-P. brasiliensis.Este dado indica que, em nenhum dos reatores a paracoccidioidina, havia processo infeccioso em atividade. O percentual de positividade obtido com a paracoccidioidina, em que pesem eventuais reacoes cruzadas com histoplasmose, sugere a ocorrencia da paracoccidioidomicose na area estudada